The salient features of the indus valley civilization. The rise of the great indian cities of mohenjo daro and harappa. Indus river valley civilizations video khan academy. Indus collapse, 396 glossary, 403 chronology, 419 resources for further study, 423 general, 423 history of discovery, 423 indus antecedents, 424 the indus civilization in south asian culture, 424 neighbors of the indus civilization, 424 the end of the indus civilization and the postharappan period, 425 economy, trade, and foreign relations, 425.
Indus valley civilization is the one of the oldest ancient civilizations of the world. Together with ancient egypt and mesopotamia, it was one of three early civilisations of the near east and south asia, and of the three, the most widespread, its sites spanning an area stretching from. The civilisation flourished in the basins of the indus river wherefore it derives its name. The dravidians were native people that established the civilization. In this article we will discuss about the food, social dress, ornaments, house hold articles, amusements, trade, social class and structure, religion and funerary customs of the people of indus valley civilization. By 2600 bce, dozens of towns and cities had been established, and between 2500 and 2000 bce the indus valley civilization was at its peak. Indus valley civilization was the first major civilization in south asia, which spread across a vast area of land in presentday india and pakistan around 12 lakh sq. Majority of the sites developed on the banks of river indus, ghaggar and its tributaries.
In this article, we are providing you with a pdf which contains important facts related to indus valley civilization, pre history sites, their location, specification etc. Indus valley civilization timeline ancient history. It is considered one of the earliest urbanized civilization of the world. They had amazing accuracy in measuring distance, mass, and time. Montgomery district of punjab pakistan on the bank of ravi major finding. Vahia, yadav reconstructing the history of harappan civilization 29 indus valley close to mehrgarh but in a far away region of hakra basin in harappa around 3200 bc and seems to be an indigenous development. It extended from jammu in the north to the narmada estuary in the south, and from the makran coast of baluchistan in the west to. Further excavations discovered horses not only in indus valley sites but also in preindus sites. Indus river valley civilization was discovered by the archaeologists in the 1920s it flourished in the bronze age 33000 bce. Periodisation of the indus valley civilisation wikipedia. The indus valley civilization was a bronze age civilization33000 bc. Ancient indus civilization articles which can be downloaded and read as pdf files from this site. The indus river valley or harappan civilization lasted for 2,000 years, and extended from what is today northeast afghanistan to pakistan and northwest india.
Powered by create your own unique website with customizable templates. Although some scholars speculate that since the civilisation also existed in the basins. The indus script also known as the harappan script is a corpus of symbols produced by the indus valley civilization during the kot diji and mature harappan periods between 3500 and 1900 bce. The indus valley civilization ivc was a bronze age civilization 33000 bce. Reconstructing the history of harappan civilization. The areas are now in modern pakistan, northwest india and afghanistan. Evidence of religious practices in this area date back approximately to 5500 bce. To share with more than one person, separate addresses with a comma. Essay on the indus valley civilisation indian history. Most inscriptions containing these symbols are extremely short, making it difficult to judge whether or not these symbols constituted a script used to.
Indus valley civilization wikibooks, open books for an. On the answer to it hang many details of the countrys past. It flourished around 2,500 bc, in the western part of south asia, in contemporary pakistan and western india. Pargiter it is never too late rather its timed to perfection as a century had passed since an indian civil service officer that served as a judge in calcutta began writing this seminal work ancient indian historical tradition. The indus valley civilization was spread throughout the northwestern part of the. Indus valley civilization was an ancient civilization that thrived along the course of indus river in northwestern part of indian subcontinent it is also referred to as harappan civilization owing to the fact that this civilization was first discovered in 1921 at the modern site of harappa situated in the punjab province punjab of current day. Introduction to indus valley civilization harappan. Indus river valley civilization indian history ap world. Major cities during indus valley civilization source. The indus valley civilisation began in 3250 bc and reached its extinction in 1500 bc, making it down in history as one of the worlds longest surviving civilisations. An agricultural perspective on dravidian historical linguistics.
Social and economic life of indus valley civilization. Indus valley civilisation or harappan civilisation is an important period of ancient history. There are few questions more fundamental to our understanding of indian history than this. The history of india begins with the birth of the indus valley civilization ivc, also known as harappan civilization. The indus river also called the sindhu is one of the longest rivers in asia. Civilization, in comparison of other old history ci vilization flourished in egypt. The indus valley civilization is the first known urban culture in india. In this essay we will discuss about indus valley civilisation. At its peak, the harappan civilization covered an area of more than a million square kilome. Indus valley civilization 23501750 bc is also called as harappan civilization because harappa was the first site to be excavated in 1921 under the supervision of daya ram sahni the known extent of the civilization in the west is upto sutkagendor in baluchistan. Evidence of the wheel, and an indus seal showing a spoked wheel as used in chariots, has also been found, suggesting the usage of chariots. The history of the indus valley civilization prezi. History of indus valley civilization a new paradigm a tribute to f. Indus valley civilization pdf important points short.
Indus valley civilization ncert notes for the ias exam. We here combine literature estimates on brick typology, and on urban. While the indus valley civilisation was divided into early, mature and late harappan by archaeologists like mortimer wheeler, newer periodisations include the neolithic early farming settlements, and use a stagephase model, often combining terminology from various systems. The indus river valley was known to start its civilization from 3000 b. Farming settlements are established in the indus valley. The greater indus valley was home to neolithic cultures starting from 7000 bce. History, archaeology and the indus civilisation pdf. Indoor plumbing was first introduced by the indus valley civilization. The indus valley civilisation ivc was a bronze age civilisation in the northwestern regions of. The main objective of this article not to innovate new theories of the indus valley civilization, but to reexamine the all available data and write in a concise form for ease of understanding of. The indus valley civilization was an ancient civilization located in what is pakistan and northwest india today, on the fertile flood plain of the indus river and its vicinity. The indus civilization apparently evolved from the villages of neighbours or predecessors, using the mesopotamian model of irrigated agriculture with sufficient skill to reap the advantages of the spacious and fertile indus river valley while controlling the formidable annual flood that simultaneously fertilizes and destroys. A look at the harappa civilization for students taking world or global history.
Isbn 9789231027192 the indus civilization diji cultural type that is widely spread as evidenced by the excavations at sarai kala, 12gumla, rahman dheri, 14 on the indus plain, near dera ismail khan, and several other placesinthepunjab. But early indus valley civilization had existed even before bc. Originating in the tibetan plateau in the vicinity of lake manasarovar, the river runs a course through the ladakh region of india, towards gilgitbaltistan and then flows in a southerly direction along the entire length of pakistan to merge into the. Pdf the harappan civilisation hc was spread over large parts of western region of the indian subcontinent. Causes for the destruction of indus valley culture 10. History medium level 71% of success 7 questions 71 players it is an interesting quiz which will help you to test your knowledge about indus valley civilization. Having obtained a secure foothold on the plain and. Indus valley civilization simple english wikipedia, the.
Prehistoric fishing along the coasts of the arabian sea. As of 2019, over 1500 indus valley civilization sites have been discovered, of which 475 sites are in pakistan and 925 sites in india, while some sites. They formed the antecedents of the urban harappan civilization, whose rise and decline are dated to 2600 bce and 1900 bce respectively. The harappan civilization, the worlds fourth great civilization after those of egypt. The indus valley civilization was established around 3300 bc. Researchers believe that the aryans influenced the hindu religion. The time period of mature indus valley civilization is estimated between bc.
Researchers have found swastikas a symbol that generally takes the form of an equilateral cross,hindu gods shiva and rudra, and a mother goddess symbolizing fertility. This is a timeline of the indus river valley civilization and some of the major events that involved this civilization. Bricks and urbanism in the indus valley rise and decline. The indus valley civilisation is an important part of ancient indian history for the ias exam. However, the initial hump suggests that it is a distributed scale invariant network with almost 3 strong nuclei and about 30 smaller nuclei.
The indus valley civilization extended from balochistan to gujarat, with an upward reach to punjab from east of the river jhelum to rupar on the upper sutlej. Several periodisations are employed for the periodisation of the indus valley civilisation. A short overview from oman, balochistan and sindh pakistan. The social and economic life of the people of indus valley civilization harappan civilization was systematic and organised. The indus civilization, often denoted by its major city harappa, spanned. The harappan culture covered parts of punjab, sind, baluchistan, gujarat, rajasthan and the fringes of western uttar pradesh. The salient features of the indus valley civilization are as follows. The indus or harappan civilization was long forgotten till it was rediscovered in the late 19. Major sites h ar p first ivc sites to be excavated. Artifacts seals beads figurines the indus script chronology the mature period 3000bce2400bce architecture artifacts writing translations problems with translations theory the history of the indus valley civilization circa 4000bce1500bce. History of indus valley civilization a new paradigm. Hence the origin of the indus civilization yet remains unknown and is a matter of. The use of the horse has thus been proven for the whole range of ancient indian history. This civilisation is credited for building cities complete with.
The indus valley was home to the largest of the four ancient urban civilizations of egypt, mesopotamia, india and china. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Till then it was thought that south asia was first colonized by urban civilizations during the first millennium bce in the indogangetic plains by the people of the mahabharata. Farming settlements began around 4000 bce and around 3000 bce there appeared the first signs of urbanization. Indus valley civilization after it was introduced by the aryans. It was one of the first world and ancient indian cities. Evidence of religious practices in the indus valley. The indus valley civilization was started in 3300 bc. It developed along the indus river and the ghaggarhakra river. Study of growth of the indus civilisation by network analysis initially it is a random network. The indus valley civilisation ivc was a bronze age civilisation in the northwestern regions of south asia, lasting from 3300 bce to 0 bce, and in its mature form from 2600 bce to 1900 bce. It flows through china western tibet, india and pakistan. For a while, in about 2500 bce, it was one of the greatest civilizations of the world.
Along with ancient egypt and mesopotamia it was one of three early civilisations of the region comprising north africa, west asia and south asia, and of the three, the most. Pdf reconstructing the history of harappan civilization. Indus valley civilization ancient history encyclopedia. Sal explores the history of this civilization, its technological innovations, its art, its architectural practices, and its agriculture. Once they become large, they evolved into scale invariant behaviour.
682 1387 312 189 1186 558 632 1109 38 1348 800 874 501 1120 758 479 1459 869 839 88 445 1452 890 267 1328 191 875 764 175 164 214 366 1171 1413 447 6 153 609 6 1169 22 1111 401 210 1339 899 931 1348 1200